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                <text>Discourse</text>
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                <text>Ancient authors commenting on women’s engagement in athletics.</text>
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            <text>Philodemus criticizes the Stoics for wanting women to train naked in the gymnasion and run races together with men.</text>
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            <text>(They say that) women should wear the same clothes as men and partake in the same habits, by no means differentiating even once; the racetrack and the gymnasia [. . .] they should be naked and, removing all clothes in the presence of everyone, they should also train together with the men and not cover anything.</text>
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            <text>translation by Alexander Meeus for the Cynisca project</text>
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            <text>τὴν αὐτὴν σ̣τολὴν ἀμ̣πέχεσθαι τοῖς ἀ̣ν̣δράσ̣ιν τὰς γυναῖκα[ς] καὶ τῶν αὐτῶν μετέχ̣[ειν ἐπιτη]δευμ̣άτω̣[ν, πά]ντως δ̣[ὲ μηδʼ] ἅ̣παξ ἀπ̣[η]λλοιῶσ[θαι]· δ[ρόμο]ν ἔ̣τι καὶ γ[υ]μ̣νάσια [. . .]ε[. . .] γυμνὰς εἶναι καὶ [πάντʼ] ἀφαιρούσας ἐναντίον [π]άντων καὶ συνγυμνάζεσ|θαι [τοῖς] ἀνδράσιν μηδὲν ἀπο[κεκρυμμένον] γίνεσθαι</text>
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            <text>Tizano Dorandi (ed.), ‘Filodemo, Gli Stoici (PHerc. 155 e 339)’, Cronache Ercolanesi 12 (1982) 91-133.</text>
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              <text>Philodemus, De Stoicis 7, Col. 19.12-22: condemning the attitude of the Stoics toward female athletics</text>
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              <text>1st century BCE</text>
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              <text>Philodemus</text>
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      <name>exercise</name>
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