2 10 20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spectators Description An account of the resource Information on female spectators. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Commentary The letters of Aischines are later forgeries. This letter praises the otherwise unknown Cleocrates by exalting his ancestors, including the female protagonist of this anecdote, whose name is not mentioned by the author. The same anecdote is also transmitted, though with several minor and major differences, by Pausanias 5.6.7-8, 6.7.2; Scholion to Pindar, Olympian 7.1; Flavius Philostratus, De Gymnastica 17; Claudius Aelianus, Varia Historia 10.1; Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 7.133; Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia 8.15.12 ext. 4. Translation Now it seems to me necessary to tell you this story, for it is worthy of being heard, even if it does not feature Cleocrates. It is said that an old woman once came into the stadium at Olympia, and she stood with the men and watched the competitors. But when the Hellanodicae confronted her because she had dared to come into the stadium, she answered: “To what other woman has the god granted (the opportunity) to proclaim that she has both a father and three brothers as Olympic champions as well as bringing a son to Olympia?” Translation used translation by Alexander Meeus for the Cynisca project Text Any textual data included in the document δοκεῖ οὖν μοι ἀνάγκη εἶναι διηγήσασθαί σοι τὸ διήγημα τοῦτο· ἄξιον γὰρ ἀκοῦσαι, εἰ καὶ μὴ προσῆκον Κλεοκράτει. λέγεται γὰρ γυνή ποτε πρεσβῦτις Ὀλυμπίασι παρελθοῦσα εἰς τὸ στάδιον ἑστάνει τε ἅμα τοῖς ἀνδράσι καὶ θεᾶσθαι τοὺς ἀγωνιζομένους, ἐπιστάντων δὲ αὐτῇ τῶν Ἑλλανοδικῶν, ὅτι ἐτόλμησε παρελθεῖν εἰς τὸ στάδιον, ἀποκρίνασθαι ‘τίνι γὰρ ἄλλῃ γυναικὶ τοῦτο δέδωκε καυχήσασθαι οὕτως ὁ θεὸς, ὅτι καὶ πατέρα καὶ τρεῖς ἀδελφοὺς Ὀλυμπιονίκας ἔχει καὶ υἱὸν ἐπ᾿ Ὀλύμπια ἄγει;’ Edition used Friedrich Franke (ed.), Aeschinis orationes, Leipzig 1887. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pseudo-Aeschines, Epistulae 4.5: Pherenike/ Callipateira breaking the Olympic ban Type The nature or genre of the resource Letter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2nd/3rd century CE (?) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pseudo-Aeschines Callipateira Olympia Olympic games Pherenice spectators Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spectators Description An account of the resource Information on female spectators. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Commentary According to E. Dickey, Ancient Greek Scholarship, Oxford 2007, 39, the old scholia to Pindar have been reliably transmitted from a second-century CE epitome that summarized the extensive Alexandrian commentaries on Pindar. The anecdote is considered part of a quotation of Aristotle, who is cited at the beginning of the scholion; it has been edited amongst the fragments of Aristotle in the edition of V. Rose (Aristotelis qui ferebantur librorum fragmenta, Leipzig 1886) as fr. 569. The same anecdote is also transmitted, though with several minor and major differences, by Pseudo-Aeschines, Epistulae 4.5; Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 5.6.7-8 and 6.7.2; Flavius Philostratus, De Gymnastica 17; Claudius Aelianus, Varia Historia 10.1; Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 7.133; Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia 8.15.12 ext. 4. Translation His (i.e. Diagoras') daughter, whose name was Callipateira, came to the Olympic Games. She was prevented from being a spectator at the Olympic Games by the Hellanodicae, as she was a woman. But she retorted that she was not like the other women because her father, Diagoras, and her three brothers, Damagetus, Dorieus and Acusilaus, and furthermore the son of her sister, Eucles, and her own son, Peisirodus, were Olympic victors and their statues were in Olympia. The Hellanodicae, then, were pleased to allow her to be a spectator. Translation used translation by Alexander Meeus for the Cynisca project Text Any textual data included in the document ἡ θυγάτηρ δὲ τούτου ἦλθεν εἰς τὰ Ὀλύμπια· ᾗ ὄνομα Καλλιπάτειρα. ἐκωλύετο δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλανοδικῶν γυνὴ οὖσα θεωρῆσαι τὰ Ὀλύμπια. ἡ δὲ οὐχ ὁμοία ἔφη εἶναι ταῖς ἄλλαις γυναιξίν· ἔχειν γὰρ καὶ τὸν πατέρα Διαγόραν καὶ τοὺς τρεῖς ἀδελφοὺς Ὀλυμπιονίκας, Δαμάγητον, Δωριέα, Ἀκουσίλαον, καὶ πέμπτον ἀδελφῆς παῖδα Εὐκλέα καὶ αὐτῆς υἱὸν Πεισίρροδον, καὶ τούτων εἰκόνας εἶναι ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ. οἱ Ἑλλανοδίκαι δὲ ἡσθέντες συνεχώρησαν αὐτῇ θεωρεῖν. Edition used A.B. Drachmann (ed.), Scholia vetera in Pindari carmina, vol. 1, Leipzig 1903. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Scholion on Pindar, Olympia 7.1: Pherenike/ Callipateira breaking the Olympic ban Type The nature or genre of the resource Scholion Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2nd century CE (?) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anonymous Callipateira Olympia Olympic games Pherenice spectators Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spectators Description An account of the resource Information on female spectators. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Translation He put a stop by special regulations to the disorderly and indiscriminate fashion of viewing the games, through exasperation at the insult to a senator, to whom no one offered a seat in a crowded house at some largely attended games in Puteoli. In consequence of this the senate decreed that, whenever any public show was given anywhere, the first row of seats should be reserved for senators; and at Rome he would not allow the envoys of the free and allied nations to sit in the orchestra, since he was informed that even freedmen were sometimes appointed. He separated the soldiery from the people. He assigned special seats to the married men of the commons, to boys under age their own section and the adjoining one to their preceptors; and he decreed that no one wearing a dark cloak should sit in the middle of the house. He would not allow women to view even the gladiators except from the upper seats, though it had been the custom for men and women to sit together at such shows. Only the Vestal virgins were assigned a place to themselves, opposite the praetor's tribunal. As for the contests of the athletes, he excluded women from them so strictly, that when a contest between a pair of boxers had been called for at the games in honour of his appointment as pontifex maximus, he postponed it until early the following day, making proclamation that it was his desire that women should not come to the theatre before the fifth hour. Translation used John C. Rolfe, Suetonius, Lives of the Ceasars, vol. 1, Julius, Augustus, Tiberius, Gaius, Caligula (= Loeb Classical Library; 31), Cambridge, MA/London 1914. Text Any textual data included in the document Spectandi confusissimum ac solutissimum morem correxit ordinavitque, motus iniuria senatoris, quem Puteolis per celeberrimos ludos consessu frequenti nemo receperat. Facto igitur decreto patrum ut, quotiens quid spectaculi usquam publice ederetur, primus subselliorum ordo vacaret senatoribus, Romae legatos liberarum sociarumque gentium vetuit in orchestra sedere, cum quosdam etiam libertini generis mitti deprendisset. Militem secrevit a populo. Maritis e plebe proprios ordines assignavit, praetextatis cuneum suum, et proximum paedagogis, sanxitque ne quis pullatorum media cavea sederet. Feminis ne gladiatores quidem, quos promiscue spectari sollemne olim erat, nisi ex superiore loco spectare concessit. Solis virginibus Vestalibus locum in theatro separatim et contra praetoris tribunal dedit. Athletarum vero spectaculo muliebre secus omne adeo summovit, ut pontificalibus ludis pugilum par postulatum distulerit in insequentis diei matutinum tempus edixeritque mulieres ante horam quintam venire in theatrum non placere. Edition used John C. Rolfe (ed.), Suetonius, Lives of the Ceasars, Julius, Augustus, Tiberius, Gaius, Caligula, vol. 1 (= Loeb Classical Library; 31), Cambridge, MA/London 1914. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Suetonius, Divus Augustus 44: Augustus regulates spectatorship in the Roman arena Type The nature or genre of the resource Biography Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 70 - 121 CE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Suetonius contest Puteoli Rome spectators Vestal Virgins Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spectators Description An account of the resource Information on female spectators. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Translation He was likewise the first to establish at Rome a quinquennial​ contest in three parts, after the Greek fashion, that is in music,​ gymnastics, and riding, which he called the Neronia; at the same time he dedicated his baths and gymnasium,​ supplying every member of the senatorial and equestrian orders with oil. To preside over​ the whole contest he appointed ex-consuls, chosen by lot, who occupied the seats of the praetors. Then he went down into the orchestra among the senators and accepted the prize for Latin oratory and verse, for which all the most eminent men had contended but which was given to him with their unanimous consent; but when that for lyre-playing was also offered him by the judges, he knelt before it and ordered that it be laid at the feet of Augustus' statue. At the gymnastic contest, which he gave in the Saepta, he shaved his first beard to the accompaniment of a splendid sacrifice of bullocks, put it in a golden box adorned with pearls of great price, and dedicated it in the Capitol. He invited the Vestal virgins also to witness the contests of the athletes,​ because at Olympia the priestesses of Ceres were allowed the same privilege. Translation used John C. Rolfe, Suetonius, Lives of the Ceasars, vol. 2, Claudius. Nero. Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Titus, Domitian, Lives of Illustrious Men: Grammarians and Rhetoricans, Poets (Terence. Virgil. Horace. Tibullus. Persius. Lucan). Lives of Pliny the Elder and Passienus Crispus), vol. 2 (= Loeb Classical Library; 38), Cambridge, MA/London 1914. Text Any textual data included in the document Instituit et quinquennale certamen primus omnium Romae more Graeco triplex, musicum gymnicum equestre, quod appellavit Neronia; dedicatisque thermis atque gymnasio senatui quoque et equiti oleum praebuit. Magistros toto certamini praeposuit consulares sorte, sede praetorum. Deinde in orchestram senatumque descendit et orationis quidem carminisque Latini coronam, de qua honestissimus quisque contenderat, ipsorum consensu concessam sibi recepit, citharae autem a iudicibus ad se delatam adoravit ferrique ad Augusti statuam iussit. Gymnico, quod in Saeptis edebat, inter buthysiae apparatum barbam primam posuit conditamque in auream pyxidem et pretiosissimis margaritis adornatam Capitolio consecravit. Ad athletarum spectaculum invitavit et virgines Vestales, quia Olympiae quoque Cereris sacerdotibus spectare conceditur. Edition used John C. Rolfe (ed.), Suetonius , Lives of the Ceasars: Clausius. Nero. Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Titus, Domitian, Lives of Illustrious Men: Grammarians and Rhetoricans, Poets (Terence. Virgil. Horace. Tibullus. Persius. Lucan). Lives of Pliny the Elder and Passienus Crispus), vol. 2 (= Loeb Classical Library; 38), Cambridge, MA/London 1914. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Suetonius, Nero 12.3–4: Nero allows the Vestal virgins to attend the Neronia Type The nature or genre of the resource Biography Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 70 - 121 CE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Suetonius Chamyne contest Demeter neronia Olympia Rome Vestal Virgins Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spectators Description An account of the resource Information on female spectators. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Translation After the purification, the Athenians for the first time celebrated the Delian games, which were held every four years. There had been in ancient days a great gathering of the Ionians and the neighboring islanders at Delos; whither they brought their wives and children to be present at the Delian games, as the Ionians now frequent the games at Ephesus. Musical and gymnastic contests were held there, and the cities celebrated choral dances. The character of the festival is attested by Homer in the following verses, which are taken from the hymn to Apollo: At other times, Phoebus, Delos is dearest to thy heart, Where are gathered together the Ionians in flowing robes, With their wives and children in thy street: There do they delight thee with boxing and dancing and song, Making mention of thy name when they gather at the assembly. And that there were musical contests which attracted competitors is implied in the following words of the same hymn. After commemorating the Delian dance of women, Homer ends their praises with these lines, in which he alludes to himself: And now may Apollo and Artemis be gracious, And to all of you, maidens, I say farewell. Yet remember me when I am gone; And if some other toiling pilgrim among the sons of men Comes and asks: O maidens, Who is the sweetest minstrel of all who wander hither, And in whom do you delight most? Make answer with one voice, in gentle words, The blind old man of Chios' rocky isle. Translation used Benjamin Jowett, Thucydides translated into English: with introduction, marginal analysis, notes and indices, vol. 1, Oxford 1881. Text Any textual data included in the document ἦν δέ ποτε καὶ τὸ πάλαι μεγάλη ξύνοδος ἐς τὴν Δῆλον τῶν Ἰώνων τε καὶ περικτιόνων νησιωτῶν: ξύν τε γὰρ γυναιξὶ καὶ παισὶν ἐθεώρουν, ὥσπερ νῦν ἐς τὰ Ἐφέσια Ἴωνες, καὶ ἀγὼν ἐποιεῖτο αὐτόθι καὶ γυμνικὸς καὶ μουσικός, χορούς τε ἀνῆγον αἱ πόλεις. δηλοῖ δὲ μάλιστα Ὅμηρος ὅτι τοιαῦτα ἦν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσι τοῖσδε, ἅ ἐστιν ἐκ προοιμίου Ἀπόλλωνος: ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε Δήλῳ, Φοῖβε, μάλιστά γε θυμὸν ἐτέρφθης, ἔνθα τοι ἑλκεχίτωνες Ἰάονες ἠγερέθονται σὺν σφοῖσιν τεκέεσσι γυναιξί τε σὴν ἐς ἀγυιάν: ἔνθα σε πυγμαχίῃ τε καὶ ὀρχηστυῖ καὶ ἀοιδῇ μνησάμενοι τέρπουσιν, ὅταν καθέσωσιν ἀγῶνα. ὅτι δὲ καὶ μουσικῆς ἀγὼν ἦν καὶ ἀγωνιούμενοι ἐφοίτων ἐν τοῖσδε αὖ δηλοῖ, ἅ ἐστιν ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ προοιμίου: τὸν γὰρ Δηλιακὸν χορὸν τῶν γυναικῶν ὑμνήσας ἐτελεύτα τοῦ ἐπαίνου ἐς τάδε τὰ ἔπη, ἐν οἷς καὶ ἑαυτοῦ ἐπεμνήσθη: ἀλλ᾽ ἄγεθ᾽, ἱλήκοι μὲν Ἀπόλλων Ἀρτέμιδι ξύν, χαίρετε δ᾽ ὑμεῖς πᾶσαι. ἐμεῖο δὲ καὶ μετόπισθε μνήσασθ᾽, ὁππότε κέν τις ἐπιχθονίων ἀνθρώπων ἐνθάδ᾽ ἀνείρηται ταλαπείριος ἄλλος ἐπελθών: ‘ὦ κοῦραι, τίς δ᾽ ὔμμιν ἀνὴρ ἥδιστος ἀοιδῶν ἐνθάδε πωλεῖται, καὶ τέῳ τέρπεσθε μάλιστα;’ ὑμεῖς δ᾽ εὖ μάλα πᾶσαι ὑποκρίνασθαι ἀφήμως: ‘τυφλὸς ἀνήρ, οἰκεῖ δὲ Χίῳ ἔνι παιπαλοέσσῃ.’ Edition used Henricus Stuart Jones (ed.), Thucydidis Historiae, vol. 2, Books 5-8 (= Oxford Classical Texts), Oxford 1942. Bibliography Hornblower, S. (2010), Thucydides, the Panionian Festival, and the Ephesia, in: id., Thucydidean Themes, Oxford, 170-181 (online edition 2015: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199562336.003.0010">https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199562336.003.0010</a>). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thucydides, Historiae 3.104.3–5: spectators at the Delian games and a festival in Ephesus Type The nature or genre of the resource Historigraphy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 460/455 - circa 400 BCE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Thukydides Athens contest Dancers Delian games Delos exercise musical contest spectators Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spectators Description An account of the resource Information on female spectators. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Commentary The same anecdote is also transmitted, though with several minor and major differences, by Pseudo-Aeschines, Epistulae 4.5; Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 5.6.7-8 and 6.7.2; Scholion on Pindar, Olympia 7.1; Flavius Philostratus, De Gymnastica 17; Claudius Aelianus, Varia Historia 10.1; Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 7.133. Translation It was likewise not an ordinary distinction that was granted to Berenice, as she alone among all the women was allowed to attend the gymnastic festival when she brought her son Eucles to the Olympic games to take part in the contest. She was born from a father who was an Olympic victor, and by her side were her brothers who had won the same crown. Translation used translation by Alexander Meeus for the Cynisca project Text Any textual data included in the document Berenices quoque non vulgaris honos, cui soli omnium feminarum gymnico spectaculo interesse permissum est, cum ad Olympia filium Euclea certamen ingressurum adduxisset, olympionice patre genita, fratribus eandem palmam adsecutis latera eius cingentibus. Edition used Karl Friedrich Kempf (ed.), Valerius Maximus, Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium, Libri Novem, Leipzig 1888. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia 8.15.12 ext. 4: Pherenike/ Callipateira breaking the Olympic ban Type The nature or genre of the resource Historical Anecdotes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource early 1st century CE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Valerius Maximus Berenice Callipateira contest Olympia Olympic festival Pherenice spectators Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spectators Description An account of the resource Information on female spectators. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Translation I have mentioned somewhere earlier on how on the occasion of the festival at Olympia , the flies absent themselves of their own free will and, so to speak, depart along with the women to the opposite bank of the Alpheius. And in the island of Leucas there is a high promontory on which a temple of Apollo has been built, and worshippers style him Apollo of Actium. Now when the festival is about to be held there in which they make the Leap in honour of the god, men sacrifice an ox to the flies, and when the latter have sated themselves with the blood they disappear. Yes, but they are bribed to depart, whereas the flies at Pisa need no bribe. So the latter are superior because they do what is required out of reverence for the god and not for a reward. Translation used Alwyn F. Scholfield, Aelian, On Animals, vol. 1: Books 1-5 (= Loeb Classical Library; 446), London 1958. Text Any textual data included in the document ἄνω που λέλεκταί μοι τὰς μυίας τὰς ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τῇ τῆς πανηγύρεως ἐπιδημίᾳ ἑκούσας ἀφίστασθαι καὶ ὡς ἂν εἴποι τις μετὰ τῶν γυναικῶν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀντιπέρας ὄχθην τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ ἀπιέναι. ἐν δὲ τῇ Λευκάδι ἄκρα μέν ἐστιν ὑψηλή, νεὼς δὲ Ἀπόλλωνι ἵδρυται, καὶ Ἄκτιόν γε αὐτὸν οἱ τιμῶντες ὀνομάζουσιν. οὐκοῦν τῆς πανηγύρεως ἐπιδημεῖν μελλούσης, καθ᾽ ἣν καὶ τὸ πήδημα πηδῶσι τῷ θεῷ, θύουσι βοῦν ταῖς μυίαις, αἳ δὲ ἐμπλησθεῖσαι τοῦ αἵματος ἀφανίζονται. δεκασθεῖσαι μὲν οὖν ἀπαλλάττονται αὗται, αἱ δὲ Πισαῖαι ἀδέκαστοι. κρείττους ἄρα ἐκεῖναι, αἰδοῖ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ μὴ μισθοῦ τὰ δέοντα πράττουσαι Edition used Rudolf Hercher (ed.), Claudii Aeliani de natura animalium libri xvii, varia historia, epistolae, fragmenta, vol. 1, Leipzig 1864. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Claudius Aelianus, De Natura Animalium 11.8: ban of women from the Olympic Games Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Claudius Aelianus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2nd/3rd century CE Type The nature or genre of the resource Natural history Olympia Olympic games Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spectators Description An account of the resource Information on female spectators. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Translation The women saw your many victories at the seasonal rites of Pallas, and each silently prayed that you could be her dear husband, Telesicrates, or her son; and in the Attic Olympia too, and in the contests of deep-bosomed Mother Earth, and in all your local games. But while I am quenching my thirst for song, someone exacts an unpaid debt from me, to awake again the ancient glory of his ancestors as well: for the sake of a Libyan woman they went to the city of Irasa, as suitors of the very famous daughter of Antaeus with the beautiful hair. Many excellent kinsmen sought her, and many strangers too, since her beauty was marvellous. They wanted to pluck the flowering fruit of golden-crowned Youth. But her father, cultivating for his daughter a more renowned marriage, heard how Danaus once in Argos had found for his forty-eight daughters, before noon overtook them, a very swift marriage. For right away he stood the whole band of suitors at the end of a course, and told them to decide with a footrace which of the heroes, who came to be bridegrooms, would take which bride. The Libyan too made such an offer in joining his daughter with a husband. He placed her at the goal, when he had arrayed her as the crowning prize, and in their midst he announced that that man should lead her to his home, whoever was the first to leap forward and touch her robes. There Alexidamus, when he had sped to the front of the swift race, took the noble girl's hand in his hand and led her through the crowd of Nomad horsemen. They cast on that man many leaves and garlands, and before he had received many wings for his victories. Translation used Diane Arnson Svarlien, Odes of Pindar, 1990. Text Any textual data included in the document πλεῖστα νικάσαντά σε καὶ τελεταῖς ὡρίαις ἐν Παλλάδος εἶδον ἄφωνοί θ᾽ ὡς ἕκασται φίλτατον παρθενικαὶ πόσιν ἢ υἱὸν εὔχοντ᾽, ὦ Τελεσίκρατες, ἔμμεν, ἐν Ὀλυμπίοισί τε καὶ βαθυκόλπου Γᾶς ἀέθλοις ἔν τε καὶ πᾶσιν ἐπιχωρίοις. ἐμὲ δ᾽ ὦν τις ἀοιδᾶν δίψαν ἀκειόμενον πράσσει χρέος αὖτις ἐγεῖραι καὶ παλαιὰν δόξαν ἑῶν προγόνων: οἷοι Λιβύσσας ἀμφὶ γυναικὸς ἔβαν Ἴρασα πρὸς πόλιν, Ἀνταίου μετὰ καλλίκομον μναστῆρες ἀγακλέα κούραν: τὰν μάλα πολλοὶ ἀριστῆες ἀνδρῶν αἴτεον σύγγονοι, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ ξείνων. ἐπεὶ θαητὸν εἶδος ἔπλετο: χρυσοστεφάνου δέ οἱ Ἥβας καρπὸν ἀνθήσαντ᾽ ἀποδρέψαι ἔθελον. πατὴρ δὲ θυγατρὶ φυτεύων κλεινότερον γάμον, ἄκουσεν Δαναόν ποτ᾽ ἐν Ἄργει οἷον εὗρεν τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ὀκτὼ παρθένοισι, πρὶν μέσον ἆμαρ ἑλεῖν, ὠκύτατον γάμον. ἔστασεν γὰρ ἅπαντα χορὸν ἐν τέρμασιν αὐτίκ᾽ ἀγῶνος: σὺν δ᾽ ἀέθλοις ἐκέλευσεν διακρῖναι ποδῶν, ἅντινα σχήσοι τις ἡρώων, ὅσοι γαμβροί σφιν ἦλθον. οὕτω δ᾽ ἐδίδου Λίβυς ἁρμόζων κόρᾳ νυμφίον ἄνδρα: ποτὶ γραμμᾷ μὲν αὐτὰν στᾶσε κοσμήσαις τέλος ἔμμεν ἄκρον, εἶπε δ᾽ ἐν μέσσοις ἀπάγεσθαι, ὃς ἂν πρῶτος θορὼν ἀμφί οἱ ψαύσειε πέπλοις. ἔνθ᾽ Ἀλεξίδαμος, ἐπεὶ φύγε λαιψηρὸν δρόμον, παρθένον κεδνὰν χερὶ χειρὸς ἑλὼν ἆγεν ἱππευτᾶν Νομάδων δι᾽ ὅμιλον. πολλὰ μὲν κεῖνοι δίκον φύλλ᾽ ἔπι καὶ στεφάνους: πολλὰ δὲ πρόσθεν πτερὰ δέξατο νικᾶν. Edition used John Sandys (ed.), The Odes of Pindar including the Principal Fragments (= Loeb Classical Library; 56), London 1915. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pindarus, Pythian 9.97–125: the effect of athletic success on female spectators (?) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pindarus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 518 - after 446 BCE Type The nature or genre of the resource Victory Ode Attic Olympia Delphi Pythian games Telesicrates Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spectators Description An account of the resource Information on female spectators. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Translation The steps that lead up to the prothysis from either side are made of stone, but those leading from the prothysis to the upper part of the altar are, like the altar itself, composed of ashes. The ascent to the prothysis may be made by maidens, and likewise by women, when they are not shut out from Olympia, but men only can ascend from the prothysis to the highest part of the altar. Even when the festival is not being held, sacrifice is offered to Zeus by private individuals and daily by the Eleans. Translation used William H. S. Jones/ Henry A. Ormerod, Pausanias, Description of Greece (= Loeb Classical Library; 188), London 1918. Text Any textual data included in the document ἀναβασμοὶ δὲ ἐς μὲν τὴν πρόθυσιν ἀνάγουσιν ἐξ ἑκατέρας τῆς πλευρᾶς λίθου πεποιημένοι: τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς προθύσεως ἐς τὸ ἄνω τοῦ βωμοῦ τέφρας παρέχεται καὶ ἀναβασμούς. ἄχρι μὲν δὴ τῆς προθύσεως ἔστιν ἀναβῆναι καὶ παρθένοις καὶ ὡσαύτως γυναιξίν, ἐπειδὰν τῆς Ὀλυμπίας μὴ ἐξείργωνται: ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ ἐς τὸ ἀνωτάτω τοῦ βωμοῦ μόνοις ἔστιν ἀνδράσιν ἀνελθεῖν. θύεται δὲ τῷ Διὶ καὶ ἄνευ τῆς πανηγύρεως ὑπό τε ἰδιωτῶν καὶ ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ὑπὸ Ἠλείων. Edition used Frederick Spiro (ed.), Pausaniae Graeciae Descriptio, vol. 2, Leipzig 1903. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 5.13.10: ban of women from the Olympic Games Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pausanias Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource mid 2nd century CE Type The nature or genre of the resource Travel writing Olympia Olympic games Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spectators Description An account of the resource Information on female spectators. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Translation The women watching the Isthmian games Translation used translation by Alexander Meeus for the Cynisca project Text Any textual data included in the document Ταὶ θάμεναι τὰ Ἴσθμια Edition used G. Kaibel, Comicorum Graecorum fragmenta, vol. 1.1 (Poetarum Graecorum fragmenta 6.1), Berlin 1899. Bibliography Hordern, J. H., Sophron's Mimes: Text, Translation, and Commentary, Oxford, 2004. Commentary An ancient introduction to the 15th Idyll of Theocritus mentions that the poem was inspired by Sophron's mime on the women watching the Isthmian games. Nothing further is known about this particular mime of Sophron’s, and it is uncertain whether it even proves that women were allowed to attend the Isthmian games rather than representing some form of comedic reversal. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sophron Syracusanus, Mimi, fragment 10 title*: female spectators at the Isthmian games (?) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sophron Syracusanus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 5th century BCE Type The nature or genre of the resource Mime Isthmia Isthmian games spectators