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                  <text>Mythology</text>
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                  <text>Women’s sports in Greek heroic myths.</text>
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              <text> I am not sitting here  an admirer of the spirited steeds; still I pray that he who is your favourite may win. I have come here to chat with you, and to be seated by you,  that the passion which yea cause may not be unknown to you. You are looking at the race, I am looking at you; let us each look at what pleases us, and so let us each feast our eyes. O, happy the driver of the steeds, whoever he is, that is your favourite; it is then his lot to be the object of your care; might such be my lot; with ardent zeal to be borne along would I press over the steeds as they start from the sacred barrier. And now I would give rein; now with my whip would I lash their backs; now with my inside wheel would I graze the turning-place. If you should be seen by me in my course, then I should stop; and the reins, let go, would fall from my hands.&#13;
&#13;
Ah! how nearly was Pelops falling by the lance of him of Pisa, while, Hippodamia, he was gazing on thy face! Still did he prove the conqueror through the favour of his mistress; let us each prove victor through the favour of his charmer. Why do you shrink away in vain? The partition forces us to sit close; the Circus has this advantage in the arrangement of its space. But do you on the right hand, whoever you are, be accommodating to the fair; she is being hurt by the pressure of your side. And you as well, who are looking on behind us; draw in your legs, if you have any decency, and don't press her back with your hard knees. But your mantle, hanging too low, is dragging on the ground; gather it up; or see, I am taking it up in my hands. A disobliging garment you are, who are thus concealing ancles so pretty; and the more you gaze upon them, the more disobliging garment you are. Such were the ancles of the fleet Atalanta, which Milanion longed to touch with his hands. Such are painted the ancles of the swift Diana, when, herself still bolder, she pursues the bold beasts of prey. </text>
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              <text>Henry T. Riley, Ovid's Heroides, Amours, Art of Love, Remedy of Love, and minor works, London 1919.</text>
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              <text>Non ego nobilium sedeo studiosus equorum;&#13;
    cui tamen ipsa faves, vincat ut ille, precor.&#13;
ut loquerer tecum veni, tecumque sederem,&#13;
    ne tibi non notus, quem facis, esset amor.&#13;
tu cursus spectas, ego te; spectemus uterque&#13;
    quod iuvat, atque oculos pascat uterque suos.&#13;
O, cuicumque faves, felix agitator equorum!&#13;
    ergo illi curae contigit esse tuae?&#13;
hoc mihi contingat, sacro de carcere missis&#13;
    insistam forti mente vehendus equis,&#13;
et modo lora dabo, modo verbere terga notabo,&#13;
    nunc stringam metas interiore rota.&#13;
si mihi currenti fueris conspecta, morabor,&#13;
    deque meis manibus lora remissa fluent.&#13;
at quam paene Pelops Pisaea concidit hasta,&#13;
    dum spectat vultus, Hippodamia, tuos!&#13;
nempe favore suae vicit tamen ille puellae.&#13;
    vincamus dominae quisque favore suae!&#13;
Quid frustra refugis? cogit nos linea iungi.&#13;
    haec in lege loci commoda circus habet —&#13;
tu tamen a dextra, quicumque es, parce puellae;&#13;
    contactu lateris laeditur ista tui.&#13;
tu quoque, qui spectas post nos, tua contrahe crura,&#13;
    si pudor est, rigido nec preme terga genu!&#13;
Sed nimium demissa iacent tibi pallia terra.&#13;
    collige — vel digitis en ego tollo meis!&#13;
invida vestis eras, quae tam bona crura tegebas;&#13;
    quoque magis spectes — invida vestis eras!&#13;
talia Milanion Atalantes crura fugacis&#13;
    optavit manibus sustinuisse suis.&#13;
talia pinguntur succinctae crura Dianae&#13;
    cum sequitur fortes, fortior ipsa, feras.</text>
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              <text> Grant Showerman (ed.), Ovid, Heroides and Amores  (= Loeb Classical Library; 41), London 1914.</text>
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                <text>Ovidius, Amores 3.2.1–32: a female spectator at the Roman races is compared to Hippodamia and Atalanta</text>
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                <text>Love-elegy</text>
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                <text>43 BCE - 17 CE</text>
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                <text>Ovidius</text>
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        <name>Atalanta</name>
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                  <text>Women’s sports in Greek heroic myths.</text>
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              <text>And so Theseus rightly felt love’s flame, for he was acquaint with all your charms, and you seemed fit spoil for the great hero to steal away, when, after the manner of your race, you engaged in the sports of the shining palaestra, a nude maid mingled with nude men.</text>
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              <text>Grant Showerman, Ovid, Heroides and Amores (= Loeb Classical Library 41), Cambridge, MA/London 1914.</text>
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              <text>ergo arsit merito, qui noverat omnia, Theseus, et visa es tanto digna rapina viro, more tuae gentis nitida dum nuda palaestra ludis et es nudis femina mixta viris.</text>
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                <text>Ovidius, Heroides 16.150–155: Helen, following Spartan custom, wrestles naked in the palaestra along with men</text>
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                <text>47 BCE - 17 CE</text>
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        <name>gymnasion</name>
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              <text>3.12.1: As you go from the market-place by the road they name the Aphetaid Road, you come to the so-called Booneta (Office of the Ox-buyers). But my narrative must first explain why the road has this name. It is said that Icarius proposed a foot-race for the wooers of Penelope; that Odysseus won is plain, but they say that the competitors were let go (aphethenai)  for the race along the Aphetaid Road. In my opinion, Icarius was imitating Danaus when he held the running-race. For Danaus contrived the following plan to solve the difficulty about his daughters. Nobody would take a wife from among them because of their pollution so Danaus sent round a notice that he would give away his daughters without bride-gifts, and that each suitor could choose the one whose beauty pleased him most. A few men came, among whom he held a foot-race the first comer was allowed to choose before all the others, after him the second, and so on to the last. The daughters that were left had to wait until other suitors arrived and competed in another foot-race. [...] On the opposite side of the office of the Bidiaeans is a sanctuary of Athena. Odysseus is said to have set up the image and to have named it Keleuthea (Lady of the Road), when he had beaten the suitors of Penelope in the foot-race. Of Keleuthea he set up sanctuaries, three in number, at some distance from each other. &#13;
&#13;
Paus. 3.13.6: Not far from Carneus is what is called the image of Aphetaeus. Here they say was the starting-place of the race run by the suitors of Penelope. There is a place having its porticoes in the form of a square, where of old stuff used to be sold to the people. By this is an altar of Zeus Counsellor and of Athena Counsellor, also of the Dioscuri, likewise surnamed Counsellors.</text>
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              <text>William H. S. Jones/Henry A. Ormerod, Pausanias, Description of Greece, vol. 2, Books 3-5 (= Loeb Classical Library; 188), London 1926.&#13;
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              <text>3.12.1-4 : ἰόντι δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἣν Ἀφεταΐδα ὀνομάζουσι, τὰ καλούμενα Βοώνητά ἐστι: καί με ὁ λόγος ἀπαιτεῖ πρότερα εἰπεῖν τὰ ἐς τὴν ἐπίκλησιν τῆς ὁδοῦ. τοῖς μνηστῆρσιν Ἰκάριον τῆς Πηνελόπης φασὶν ἀγῶνα προθεῖναι δρόμου: καὶ ὅτι μὲν Ὀδυσσεὺς ἐκράτει, δῆλά ἐστιν, ἀφεθῆναι δὲ αὐτοὺς λέγουσιν ἐς τὸν δρόμον διὰ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς Ἀφεταΐδος. δοκεῖν δ᾽ ἐμοὶ δρόμου Ἰκάριος τὸ ἀγώνισμα ἐποίησε μιμούμενος Δαναόν. Δαναῷ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐπὶ ταῖς θυγατράσιν εὑρέθη, καὶ ὡς γυναῖκα οὐδεὶς ἤθελεν ἐξ αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ μίασμα ἀγαγέσθαι, διέπεμπε δὴ ὁ Δαναὸς ἕδνων ἄνευ δώσειν ᾗ ἂν ἕκαστος κατὰ κάλλος ἀρέσκηται: ἀφικομένοις δὲ ἀνδράσιν οὐ πολλοῖς ἀγῶνα δρόμου κατέστησε, καὶ πρώτῳ τε ἐλθόντι ἐγένετο ἑλέσθαι πρώτῳ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ μετ᾽ ἐκεῖνον τῷ δευτέρῳ καὶ ἤδη κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἄχρι τοῦ τελευταίου: τὰς δὲ ὑπολειφθείσας μένειν ἔφοδον ἄλλην μνηστήρων ἔδει καὶ ἀγῶνα ἄλλον δρόμου. [...] τοῦ δὲ τῶν Βιδιαίων ἀρχείου πέραν ἐστὶν Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερόν: Ὀδυσσεὺς δὲ ἱδρύσασθαι τὸ ἄγαλμα λέγεται καὶ ὀνομάσαι Κελεύθειαν, τοὺς Πηνελόπης μνηστῆρας τῷ δρόμῳ νικήσας. ἱδρύσατο δὲ τῆς Κελευθείας ἱερὰ ἀριθμῷ τρία διεστηκότα ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλων. &#13;
&#13;
Paus. 3.13.6: τοῦ Καρνείου δὲ οὐ πόρρω καλούμενόν ἐστιν ἄγαλμα Ἀφεταίου: τοῖς δὲ Πηνελόπης μνηστῆρσί φασιν ἐντεῦθεν γενέσθαι τοῦ δρόμου τὴν ἀρχήν. ἔστι δέ τι χωρίον ἔχον στοὰς ἐν τετραγώνῳ τῷ σχήματι, ἔνθα σφίσιν ἐπιπράσκετο ὁ ῥῶπος τὸ ἀρχαῖον: πρὸς τούτῳ Διὸς Ἀμβουλίου καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς ἐστιν Ἀμβουλίας βωμὸς καὶ Διοσκούρων καὶ τούτων Ἀμβουλίων. </text>
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              <text>Frederick Spiro (ed.), Pausaniae Graeciae Descriptio, vol. 1, Leipzig 1903. </text>
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                <text>Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 3.12.1-4 and 3.13.6: footraces for the hand&lt;span&gt; Penelope and others&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>mid 2nd century CE</text>
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              <text>O Zeus most high, whose chariot is the tireless-footed thundercloud! on thee I call; for it is thine Hours that, in their circling dance to the varied notes of the lyre's minstrelsy, sent me to bear witness to the most exalted of all contests; and, when friends are victorious, forthwith the heart of the noble leapeth up with gladness at the sweet tidings.&#13;
But, Son of Cronus, that holdest Etna, that breeze-swept height which lieth heavily on the mighty Typhon! welcome the Olympian victor; welcome, for the Graces’ sake, this minstrel band, this long-enduring light of widely potent prowess. ’Tis the minstrel-band that cometh in honour of the chariot of Psaumis, who, crowned with the olive of Pisa, is eager to win high glory for Camarina. May Heaven be gracious to his further prayers, for I praise one who is right ready in the rearing of coursers, one who rejoiceth in welcoming all his guests, and one who in pure heart devoteth himself to Peace that loveth the State. I shall utter a word untinged with falsehood. “Trial is the true test of mortal men”.&#13;
This it was that caused the son of Clymenus to cease to be mocked by the women of Lemnos. When, in armour of bronze, he won the foot-race, he spake on this wise to Hypsipylé, as he went to receive the crown: “Such am I in swiftness of foot, with hands and heart to match. Even young men full often find their hair growing grey, even before the fitting time of life”.</text>
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          <name>Translation used</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="393">
              <text>John Sandys, The Odes of Pindar including the Principal Fragments (= Loeb Classical Library; 56), London 1915.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="394">
              <text>ἐλατὴρ ὑπέρτατε βροντᾶς ἀκαμαντόποδος Ζεῦ: τεαὶ γὰρ ὧραι&#13;
ὑπὸ ποικιλοφόρμιγγος ἀοιδᾶς ἑλισσόμεναί μ᾽ ἔπεμψαν&#13;
ὑψηλοτάτων μάρτυρ᾽ ἀέθλων.&#13;
ξείνων δ᾽ εὖ πρασσόντων ἔσαναν αὐτίκ᾽ ἀγγελίαν&#13;
ποτὶ γλυκεῖαν ἐσλοί.&#13;
ἀλλ᾽, ὦ Κρόνου παῖ, ὃς Αἴτναν ἔχεις,&#13;
ἶπον ἀνεμόεσσαν ἑκατογκεφάλα Τυφῶνος ὀβρίμου,&#13;
Οὐλυμπιονίκαν δέκευ&#13;
Χαρίτων ἕκατι τόνδε κῶμον,&#13;
χρονιώτατον φάος εὐρυσθενέων ἀρετᾶν. Ψαύμιος γὰρ ἵκει&#13;
ὀχέων, ὅς, ἐλαίᾳ στεφανωθεὶς Πισάτιδι, κῦδος ὄρσαι&#13;
σπεύδει Καμαρίνᾳ. θεὸς εὔφρων&#13;
εἴη λοιπαῖς εὐχαῖς: ἐπεί νιν αἰνέω μάλα μὲν&#13;
τροφαῖς ἑτοῖμον ἵππων,&#13;
χαίροντά τε ξενίαις πανδόκοις&#13;
καὶ πρὸς ἁσυχίαν φιλόπολιν καθαρᾷ γνώμᾳ τετραμμένον.&#13;
οὐ ψεύδεϊ τέγξω λόγον:&#13;
διάπειρά τοι βροτῶν ἔλεγχος:&#13;
ἅπερ Κλυμένοιο παῖδα&#13;
Λαμνιάδων γυναικῶν&#13;
ἔλυσεν ἐξ ἀτιμίας.&#13;
χαλκέοισι δ᾽ ἐν ἔντεσι νικῶν δρόμον&#13;
ἔειπεν Ὑψιπυλείᾳ μετὰ στέφανον ἰών:&#13;
‘ οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτι:&#13;
χεῖρες δὲ καὶ ἦτορ ἴσον.&#13;
φύονται δὲ καὶ νέοις ἐν ἀνδράσιν&#13;
πολιαὶ θαμὰ καὶ παρὰ τὸν ἁλικίας&#13;
ἐοικότα χρόνον.’ </text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="395">
              <text>John Sandys (ed.), The Odes of Pindar including the Principal Fragments (= Loeb Classical Library; 56), London 1915.</text>
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              <text>This is a reference to the funeral games Hypsipyle organized for her father Thoas in Lemnos. Clymenes' son Erginus was mocked by the local women because his  grey hair made him seem unfit to compete, but he was vindicated by his victory. </text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="1688">
              <text>D. E. Gerber (1987), &lt;a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20538960"&gt;Pindar’s “Olympian” Four: A Commentary&lt;/a&gt;, Quaderni Urbinati Di Cultura Classica 25, 21–23.</text>
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                <text>Pindarus, Olympia 4: women's reaction to a contestant at Hypsipyle's funeral games for her father</text>
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                <text>518 - after 446 BCE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="776">
                <text>Pindarus</text>
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        <name>Olympia</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
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                  <text>Mythology</text>
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                  <text>Women’s sports in Greek heroic myths.</text>
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              <text>When he reached Crete on his voyage, most historians and poets tell us that he got from Ariadne, who had fallen in love with him, the famous thread, and that having been instructed by her how to make his way through the intricacies of the Labyrinth, he slew the Minotaur and sailed off with Ariadne and the youths. And Pherecydes says that Theseus also staved in the bottoms of the Cretan ships, thus depriving them of the power to pursue. But as Philochorus tells the story,​ Minos was holding the funeral games, and Taurus was expected to conquer all his competitors in them, as he had done before, and was grudged his success. For his disposition made his power hateful, and he was accused of too great intimacy with Pasiphaë. Therefore when Theseus asked the privilege of entering the lists, it was granted him by Minos. And since it was the custom in Crete for women to view the games, Ariadne was present, and was smitten with the appearance of Theseus, as well as filled with admiration for his athletic prowess, when he conquered all his opponents. Minos also was delighted with him, especially because he conquered Taurus in wrestling and disgraced him, and therefore gave back the youths to Theseus, besides remitting its tribute to the city.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="526">
              <text>Bernadotte Perrin, Plutarch's Lives, vol. 1 (= Loeb Classical Library; 46) Cambridge, MA/London 1914.</text>
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              <text>ἐπεὶ δὲ κατέπλευσεν εἰς Κρήτην, ὡς μὲν οἱ πολλοὶ γράφουσι καὶ ᾁδουσι, παρὰ τῆς Ἀριάδνης ἐρασθείσης τὸ λίνον λαβών, καὶ διδαχθεὶς ὡς ἔστι τοῦ λαβυρίνθου τοὺς ἑλιγμοὺς διεξελθεῖν, ἀπέκτεινε τὸν Μινώταυρον καὶ ἀπέπλευσε τὴν Ἀριάδνην ἀναλαβὼν καὶ τοὺς ἠϊθέους. Φερεκύδης δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐδάφη τῶν Κρητικῶν νεῶν φησιν ἐκκόψαι τὸν Θησέα, τὴν δίωξιν ἀφαιρούμενον. δήμων δὲ καὶ τὸν Ταῦρον ἀναιρεθῆναί φησι τὸν τοῦ Μίνω στρατηγόν, ἐν τῷ λιμένι διαναυμαχοῦντα τοῦ Θησέως ἐκπλέοντος. ὡς δὲ Φιλόχορος ἱστόρηκε, τὸν ἀγῶνα τοῦ Μίνω συντελοῦντος, ἐπίδοξος ὢν ἅπαντας πάλιν νικήσειν, ὁ Ταῦρος ἐφθονεῖτο. καὶ γὰρ ἡ δύναμις αὐτοῦ διὰ τὸν τρόπον ἦν ἐπαχθής, καὶ διαβολὴν εἶχεν ὡς τῇ Πασιφάῃ πλησιάζων. διὸ καὶ τοῦ Θησέως ἀξιοῦντος ἀγωνίσασθαι συνεχώρησεν ὁ Μίνως. ἔθους δὲ ὄντος ἐν Κρήτῃ θεᾶσθαι καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας, Ἀριάδνη παροῦσα πρός τε τὴν ὄψιν ἐξεπλάγη τοῦ Θησέως καὶ τὴν ἄθλησιν ἐθαύμασε πάντων κρατήσαντος. ἡσθεὶς δὲ καὶ ὁ Μίνως μάλιστα τοῦ Ταύρου καταπαλαισθέντος καὶ προπηλακισθέντος, ἀπέδωκε τῷ Θησεῖ τοὺς παῖδας καὶ ἀνῆκε τῇ πόλει τὸν δασμόν.</text>
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              <text>Bernadotte Perrin (ed.), Plutarch's Lives, vol. 1 (= Loeb Classical Library; 46) Cambridge, MA/London 1914.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="1701">
              <text>On the relationship between myth and history in Plutarch's life of Theseus, see C.B.R. Pelling, &lt;a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvvnbp5.11"&gt;'Making myth look like history': Plutarch's Theseus-Romulus&lt;/a&gt;, in id., Plutarch and History, Swansea 2002, 171-196.</text>
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                <text>Plutarchus, Theseus 19.1-3: female spectators in Minoan Crete</text>
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        <name>Ariadne</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="550">
              <text>Althaea had also a son Meleager, by Oeneus, though they say that he was begotten by Ares. It is said that, when he was seven days old, the Fates came and declared that Meleager should die when the brand burning on the hearth was burnt out. On hearing that, Althaea snatched up the brand and deposited it in a chest. Meleager grew up to be an invulnerable and gallant man, but came by his end in the following way. In sacrificing the first fruits of the annual crops of the country to all the gods Oeneus forgot Artemis alone. But she in her wrath sent a boar of extraordinary size and strength, which prevented the land from being sown and destroyed the cattle and the people that fell in with it. To attack this boar Oeneus called together all the noblest men of Greece, and promised that to him who should kill the beast he would give the skin as a prize. Now the men who assembled to hunt the boar were these :-- Meleager, son of Oeneus; Dryas, son of Ares; these came from Calydon; Idas and Lynceus, sons of Aphareus, from Messene; Castor and Pollux, sons of Zeus and Leda, from Lacedaemon; Theseus, son of Aegeus, from Athens; Admetus, son of Pheres, from Pherae; Ancaeus and Cepheus, sons of Lycurgus, from Arcadia; Jason, son of Aeson, from Iolcus; Iphicles, son of Amphitryon, from Thebes; Pirithous, son of Ixion, from Larissa; Peleus, son of Aeacus, from Phthia; Telamon, son of Aeacus, from Salamis; Eurytion, son of Actor, from Phthia; Atalanta, daughter of Schoeneus, from Arcadia; Amphiaraus, son of Oicles, from Argos. With them came also the sons of Thestius. And when they were assembled, Oeneus entertained them for nine days; but on the tenth, when Cepheus and Ancaeus and some others disdained to go hunting with a woman, Meleager compelled them to follow the chase with her, for he desired to have a child also by Atalanta, though he had to wife Cleopatra, daughter of Idas and Marpessa. When they surrounded the boar, Hyleus and Ancaeus were killed by the brute, and Peleus struck down Eurytion undesignedly with a javelin. But Atalanta was the first to shoot the boar in the back with an arrow, and Amphiaraus was the next to shoot it in the eye; but Meleager killed it by a stab in the flank, and on receiving the skin gave it to Atalanta. Nevertheless the sons of Thestius, thinking scorn that a woman should get the prize in the face of men, took the skin from her, alleging that it belonged to them by right of birth if Meleager did not choose to take it. But Meleager in a rage slew the sons of Thestius and gave the skin to Atalanta. However, from grief at the slaughter of her brothers Althaea kindled the brand, and Meleager immediately expired. But some say that Meleager did not die in that way, but that when the sons of Thestius claimed the skin on the ground that Iphiclus had been the first to hit the boar, war broke out between the Curetes and the Calydonians; and when Meleager had sallied out and slain some of the sons of Thestius, Althaea cursed him, and he in a rage remained at home; however, when the enemy approached the walls, and the citizens supplicated him to come to the rescue, he yielded reluctantly to his wife and sallied forth, and having killed the rest of the sons of Thestius, he himself fell fighting. After the death of Meleager, Althaea and Cleopatra hanged themselves, and the women who mourned the dead man were turned into birds. </text>
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          <name>Translation used</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="551">
              <text>James G. Fraser, Apollodorus, The Library, vol. 1, Books 1-3.9 (= Loeb Classical Library; 121), Cambridge 1921. </text>
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              <text>ἐγέννησε δὲ Ἀλθαία παῖδα ἐξ Οἰνέως Μελέαγρον, ὃν ἐξ Ἄρεος γεγεννῆσθαί φασι. τούτου δ᾽ ὄντος ἡμερῶν ἑπτὰ παραγενομένας τὰς μοίρας φασὶν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι τότε τελευτήσει Μελέαγρος, ὅταν ὁ καιόμενος ἐπὶ τῆς ἐσχάρας δαλὸς κατακαῇ. τοῦτο ἀκούσασα τὸν δαλὸν ἀνείλετο Ἀλθαία καὶ κατέθετο εἰς λάρνακα. Μελέαγρος δὲ ἀνὴρ ἄτρωτος καὶ γενναῖος γενόμενος τόνδε τὸν τρόπον ἐτελεύτησεν. ἐτησίων καρπῶν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ γενομένων τὰς ἀπαρχὰς Οἰνεὺς θεοῖς πᾶσι θύων μόνης Ἀρτέμιδος ἐξελάθετο. ἡ δὲ μηνίσασα κάπρον ἐφῆκεν ἔξοχον μεγέθει τε καὶ ῥώμῃ, ὃς τήν τε γῆν ἄσπορον ἐτίθει καὶ τὰ βοσκήματα καὶ τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας διέφθειρεν. ἐπὶ τοῦτον τὸν κάπρον τοὺς ἀρίστους ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος πάντας συνεκάλεσε, καὶ τῷ κτείναντι τὸν θῆρα τὴν δορὰν δώσειν ἀριστεῖον ἐπηγγείλατο. οἱ δὲ συνελθόντες ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ κάπρου θήραν ἦσαν οἵδε: Μελέαγρος Οἰνέως, Δρύας Ἄρεος, ἐκ Καλυδῶνος οὗτοι, Ἴδας καὶ Λυγκεὺς Ἀφαρέως ἐκ Μεσσήνης, Κάστωρ καὶ Πολυδεύκης Διὸς καὶ Λήδας ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, Θησεὺς Αἰγέως ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν, Ἄδμητος Φέρητος ἐκ Φερῶν, Ἀγκαῖος καὶ Κηφεὺς Λυκούργου ἐξ Ἀρκαδίας, Ἰάσων Αἴσονος ἐξ Ἰωλκοῦ, Ἰφικλῆς Ἀμφιτρύωνος ἐκ Θηβῶν, Πειρίθους Ἰξίονος ἐκ Λαρίσης, Πηλεὺς Αἰακοῦ ἐκ Φθίας, Τελαμὼν Αἰακοῦ ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος, Εὐρυτίων Ἄκτορος ἐκ Φθίας, Ἀταλάντη Σχοινέως ἐξ Ἀρκαδίας, Ἀμφιάραος Ὀικλέους ἐξ Ἄργους: μετὰ τούτων καὶ οἱ Θεστίου παῖδες. συνελθόντας δὲ αὐτοὺς Οἰνεὺς ἐπὶ ἐννέα ἡμέρας ἐξένισε: τῇ δεκάτῃ δὲ Κηφέως καὶ Ἀγκαίου καί τινων ἄλλων ἀπαξιούντων μετὰ γυναικὸς ἐπὶ τὴν θήραν ἐξιέναι, Μελέαγρος ἔχων γυναῖκα Κλεοπάτραν τὴν Ἴδα καὶ Μαρπήσσης θυγατέρα, βουλόμενος δὲ καὶ ἐξ Ἀταλάντης τεκνοποιήσασθαι, συνηνάγκασεν αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τὴν θήραν μετὰ ταύτης ἐξιέναι. περιστάντων δὲ αὐτῶν τὸν κάπρον, Ὑλεὺς μὲν καὶ Ἀγκαῖος ὑπὸ τοῦ θηρὸς διεφθάρησαν, Εὐρυτίωνα δὲ Πηλεὺς ἄκων κατηκόντισε. τὸν δὲ κάπρον πρώτη μὲν Ἀταλάντη εἰς τὰ νῶτα ἐτόξευσε, δεύτερος δὲ Ἀμφιάραος εἰς τὸν ὀφθαλμόν: Μελέαγρος δὲ αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν κενεῶνα πλήξας ἀπέκτεινε, καὶ λαβὼν τὸ δέρας ἔδωκεν Ἀταλάντῃ. οἱ δὲ Θεστίου παῖδες, ἀδοξοῦντες εἰ παρόντων ἀνδρῶν γυνὴ τὰ ἀριστεῖα λήψεται, τὸ δέρας αὐτῆς ἀφείλοντο, κατὰ γένος αὑτοῖς προσήκειν λέγοντες, εἰ Μελέαγρος λαμβάνειν μὴ προαιροῖτο. ὀργισθεὶς δὲ Μελέαγρος τοὺς μὲν Θεστίου παῖδας ἀπέκτεινε, τὸ δὲ δέρας ἔδωκε τῇ Ἀταλάντῃ. Ἀλθαία δὲ λυπηθεῖσα ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἀπωλείᾳ τὸν δαλὸν ἧψε, καὶ ὁ Μελέαγρος ἐξαίφνης ἀπέθανεν. οἱ δέ φασιν οὐχ οὕτω Μελέαγρον τελευτῆσαι, ἀμφισβητούντων δὲ τῆς δορᾶς τῶν Θεστίου παίδων ὡς Ἰφίκλου πρώτου βαλόντος, Κούρησι καὶ Καλυδωνίοις πόλεμον ἐνστῆναι, ἐξελθόντος δὲ Μελεάγρου καί τινας τῶν Θεστίου παίδων φονεύσαντος Ἀλθαίαν ἀράσασθαι κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ: τὸν δὲ ὀργιζόμενον οἴκοι μένειν. ἤδη δὲ τῶν πολεμίων τοῖς τείχεσι προσπελαζόντων καὶ τῶν πολιτῶν ἀξιούντων μεθ᾽ ἱκετηρίας βοηθεῖν, μόλις πεισθέντα ὑπὸ τῆς γυναικὸς ἐξελθεῖν, καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς κτείναντα τῶν Θεστίου παίδων ἀποθανεῖν μαχόμενον. μετὰ δὲ τὸν Μελεάγρου θάνατον Ἀλθαία καὶ Κλεοπάτρα ἑαυτὰς ἀνήρτησαν, αἱ δὲ θρηνοῦσαι τὸν νεκρὸν γυναῖκες ἀπωρνεώθησαν.</text>
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              <text>James G. Fraser (ed.), Apollodorus, The Library, vol. 1, Books 1-3.9 (= Loeb Classical Library; 121), Cambridge, MA 1921. </text>
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                <text>Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1.8.2-3: Atalanta in the Calydonian boar hunt</text>
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                <text>1st/2nd century CE</text>
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                  <text>Women’s sports in Greek heroic myths.</text>
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              <text>Lycurgus had sons, Ancaeus, Epochus, Amphidamas, and Iasus, by Cleophyle or Eurynome. And Amphidamas had a son Melanion and a daughter Antimache, whom Eurystheus married. And Iasus had a daughter Atalanta by Clymene, daughter of Minyas. This Atalanta was exposed by her father, because he desired male children; and a she bear came often and gave her suck, till hunters found her and brought her up among themselves. Grown to womanhood, Atalanta kept herself a virgin, and hunting in the wilderness she remained always under arms. The centaurs Rhoecus and Hylaeus tried to force her, but were shot down and killed by her. She went moreover with the chiefs to hunt the Calydonian boar, and at the games held in honor of Pelias she wrestled with Peleus and won. Afterwards she discovered her parents, but when her father would have persuaded her to wed, she went away to a place that might serve as a racecourse, and, having planted a stake three cubits high in the middle of it, she caused her wooers to race before her from there, and ran herself in arms; and if the wooer was caught up, his due was death on the spot, and if he was not caught up, his due was marriage. When many had already perished, Melanion came to run for love of her, bringing golden apples from Aphrodite, and being pursued he threw them down, and she, picking up the dropped fruit, was beaten in the race. So Melanion married her. And once on a time it is said that out hunting they entered into the precinct of Zeus, and there taking their fill of love were changed into lions. But Hesiod and some others have said that Atalanta was not a daughter of Iasus, but of Schoeneus; and Euripides says that she was a daughter of Maenalus, and that her husband was not Melanion but Hippomenes. And by Melanion, or Ares, Atalanta had a son Parthenopaeus, who went to the war against Thebes.</text>
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              <text>James G. Fraser, Apollodorus, The Library, vol. 1, Books 1-3.9 (= Loeb Classical Library; 121), Cambridge, MA 1921. </text>
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              <text>Λυκούργου δὲ καὶ Κλεοφύλης ἢ Εὐρυνόμης Ἀγκαῖος καὶ Ἔποχος καὶ Ἀμφιδάμας καὶ Ἴασος. Ἀμφιδάμαντος δὲ Μελανίων καὶ θυγάτηρ Ἀντιμάχη, ἣν Εὐρυσθεὺς ἔγημεν. Ἰάσου δὲ καὶ Κλυμένης τῆς Μινύου Ἀταλάντη ἐγένετο. ταύτης ὁ πατὴρ ἀρρένων παίδων ἐπιθυμῶν ἐξέθηκεν αὐτήν, ἄρκτος δὲ φοιτῶσα πολλάκις θηλὴν ἐδίδου, μέχρις οὗ εὑρόντες κυνηγοὶ παρ᾽ ἑαυτοῖς ἀνέτρεφον. τελεία δὲ Ἀταλάντη γενομένη παρθένον ἑαυτὴν ἐφύλαττε, καὶ θηρεύουσα ἐν ἐρημίᾳ καθωπλισμένη διετέλει. βιάζεσθαι δὲ αὐτὴν ἐπιχειροῦντες Κένταυροι Ῥοῖκός τε καὶ Ὑλαῖος κατατοξευθέντες ὑπ᾽ αὐτῆς ἀπέθανον. παρεγένετο δὲ μετὰ τῶν ἀριστέων καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Καλυδώνιον κάπρον, καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐπὶ Πελίᾳ τεθέντι ἀγῶνι ἐπάλαισε Πηλεῖ καὶ ἐνίκησεν. ἀνευροῦσα δὲ ὕστερον τοὺς γονέας, ὡς ὁ πατὴρ γαμεῖν αὐτὴν ἔπειθεν ἀπιοῦσα εἰς σταδιαῖον τόπον καὶ πήξασα μέσον σκόλοπα τρίπηχυν, ἐντεῦθεν τῶν μνηστευομένων τοὺς δρόμους προϊεῖσα ἐτρόχαζε καθωπλισμένη: καὶ καταληφθέντι μὲν αὐτοῦ θάνατος ὠφείλετο, μὴ καταληφθέντι δὲ γάμος. ἤδη δὲ πολλῶν ἀπολομένων Μελανίων αὐτῆς ἐρασθεὶς ἧκεν ἐπὶ τὸν δρόμον, χρύσεα μῆλα κομίζων παρ᾽ Ἀφροδίτης, καὶ διωκόμενος ταῦτα ἔρριπτεν. ἡ δὲ ἀναιρουμένη τὰ ῥιπτόμενα τὸν δρόμον ἐνικήθη. ἔγημεν οὖν αὐτὴν Μελανίων. καί ποτε λέγεται θηρεύοντας αὐτοὺς εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὸ τέμενος Διός, κἀκεῖ συνουσιάζοντας εἰς λέοντας ἀλλαγῆναι. Ἡσίοδος δὲ καί τινες ἕτεροι τὴν Ἀταλάντην οὐκ Ἰάσου ἀλλὰ Σχοινέως εἶπον, Εὐριπίδης δὲ Μαινάλου, καὶ τὸν γήμαντα αὐτὴν οὐ Μελανίωνα ἀλλὰ Ἱππομένην. ἐγέννησε δὲ ἐκ Μελανίωνος Ἀταλάντη ἢ Ἄρεος Παρθενοπαῖον, ὃς ἐπὶ Θήβας ἐστρατεύσατο.</text>
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              <text>James G. Fraser (ed.), Apollodorus, The Library, vol. 1, Books 1-3.9 (= Loeb Classical Library; 121), Cambridge, MA 1921. </text>
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              <text>At &lt;a href="https://fdz.bib.uni-mannheim.de/cynisca/items/show/66"&gt;1.8.2-3&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="https://fdz.bib.uni-mannheim.de/cynisca/items/show/93"&gt;1.9.16&lt;/a&gt; Pseudo-Apollodorus himself calls Atalanta a daughter of Schoeneus rather Iasus, but such inconsistencies are not uncommon in his work: see Michels 2023, 114, who also provides a detailed discussion of the author and his work (though despite what the title may suggest, she does not comment on this passage, as her numbering system is different).</text>
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              <text>Michels, J.A. (2023), Agenorid Myth in the Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus. A Philological Commentary of &lt;em&gt;Bibl&lt;/em&gt;. III.1–56 and a Study into the Composition and Organization of the Handbook (Beiträge zur Altertumskunde 402), Berlin.</text>
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                <text>Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3.9.2: Atalanta wrestles with Peleus and races her suitors</text>
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              <text>(…) Then Thetis set &#13;
Amidst the athlete-ring ten kine, to be &#13;
Her prizes for the footrace, and by each &#13;
Ran a fair suckling calf. These the bold might &#13;
Of Peleus’ tireless son had driven down &#13;
From slopes of Ida, prizes of his spear. &#13;
To strive for these rose up two victory-fain, &#13;
Teucer the first, the son of Telamon, &#13;
And Aias, of the Locrian archers chief. &#13;
These twain with swift hands girded them about &#13;
With loin-cloths, reverencing the Goddess-bride &#13;
Of Peleus, and the Sea-maids, who with her &#13;
Came to behold the Argives’ athlete-sport. &#13;
And Atreus’ son, lord of all Argive men, &#13;
Showed them the turning-goal of that swift course. &#13;
Then these the Queen of Rivalry spurred on, &#13;
As from the starting-line like falcons swift &#13;
They sped away. Long doubtful was the race :  &#13;
Now, as the Argives gazed, would Aias’ friends &#13;
Shout, now rang out the answering cheer from friends &#13;
Of Teucer. But when in their eager speed &#13;
Close on the end they were, then Teucer’s feet &#13;
Were trammelled. by unearthly powers : some god &#13;
Or demon dashed his foot against the stock &#13;
Of a deep-rooted tamarisk. Sorely wrenched &#13;
Was his left ankle: round the joint upswelled &#13;
The veins high-ridged. A great shout rang from all &#13;
That watched the contest. Aias darted past &#13;
Exultant: ran his Locrian folk to hail &#13;
Their lord, with sudden joy in all their souls. &#13;
Then to his ships they drave the kine, and cast &#13;
Fodder before them. Eager-helpful friends &#13;
Led Teucer halting thence. The leeches drew &#13;
Blood from his foot: then over it they laid &#13;
Soft-shredded linen ointment-smeared, and swathed &#13;
With smooth bands round, and charmed away the pain.</text>
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              <text>Arthur S. Way, Quintus Smyrnaeus, The Fall of Troy (= Loeb Classical Library; 19), London/New York 1913. </text>
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              <text>Θέτις δ᾽ ἐς μέσσον ἀγῶνα&#13;
θῆκεν ἄρ᾽ ἀμφὶ δρόμοιο βόας δέκα: τῇσι δὲ πάσῃς&#13;
καλαὶ πόρτιες ᾖσαν ὑπὸ μαζοῖσιν ἰοῦσαι:&#13;
τάς ποτε Πηλείδαο θρασὺ σθένος ἀκαμάτοιο&#13;
ἤλασεν ἐξ Ἴδης μεγάλῳ ἐπὶ δουρὶ πεποιθώς.&#13;
τῶν πέρι δοιοὶ ἀνέσταν ἐελδόμενοι μέγα νίκης:&#13;
Τεῦκρος μὲν πρῶτος Τελαμώνιος, ἄν δὲ καὶ Αἴας,&#13;
Αἴας, ὅς τε Λοκροῖσι μετέπρεπεν ἰοβόλοισιν.&#13;
ἀμφὶ δ᾽ ἄρα ζώσαντο θοῶς περὶ μήδεα χερσὶ&#13;
φάρεα, πάντα δ᾽ ἔνερθεν, ἅπερ θέμις, ἐκρύψαντο&#13;
αἰδόμενοι Πηλῆος ἐϋσθενέος παράκοιτιν&#13;
ἄλλας τ᾽ εἰναλίας Νηρηίδας, ὅσσαι ἅμ᾽ αὐτῇ&#13;
ἤλυθον Ἀργείων κρατεροὺς ἐσιδέσθαι ἀέθλους.&#13;
τοῖσι δὲ σημαίνεσκε δρόμου τέλος ὠκυτάτοιο&#13;
Ἀτρείδης, ὅς πᾶσι μετ᾽ Ἀργείοισιν ἄνασσε.&#13;
τοὺς δ᾽ Ἔρις ὀτρύνεσκεν ἐπήρατος: οἱ δ᾽ ἀπὸ νύσσης&#13;
καρπαλίμως οἴμησαν ἐοικότες ἰρήκεσσι:&#13;
τῶν δὲ καὶ ἀμφήριστος ἔην δρόμος: οἱ δ᾽ ἑκάτερθεν&#13;
Ἀργεῖοι λεύσσοντες ἐπίαχον ἄλλυδις ἄλλος.&#13;
ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε τέρματ᾽ ἔμελλον ἱκανέμεναι μεμαῶτες,&#13;
δὴ τότε που Τεύκροιο μένος καὶ γυῖα πέδησαν&#13;
ἀθάνατοι: τὸν γάρ ῥα θεὸς βάλεν ἠέ τις ἄτη&#13;
ὄζον ἐς ἀλγινόεντα βαθυρρίζοιο μυρίκης: &#13;
τῷ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἐνιχριμφθεὶς χαμάδις πέσε: τοῦ δ᾽ ἀλεγεινῶς&#13;
ἄκρον ἀνεγνάμφθη λαιοῦ ποδός, αἱ δ᾽ ὑπανέσταν&#13;
οἰδαλέαι ἑκάτερθε περὶ φλέβες. οἱ δ᾽ ἰάχησαν&#13;
Ἀργεῖοι κατ᾽ ἀγῶνα: παρήιξεν δέ μιν Αἴας&#13;
γηθόσυνος: λαοὶ δὲ συνέδραμον, οἵ οἱ ἕποντο,&#13;
Λοκροί: αἶψα δὲ χάρμα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθε πάντων:&#13;
ἐκ δ᾽ ἔλασαν κατὰ νῆας ἀγοῦ βόας, ὄφρα νέμωνται.&#13;
Τεῦκρον δ᾽ ἐσσυμένως ἕταρο; περιποιπνύοντες&#13;
ἦγου ἐπισκάζοντα: θοῶς δέ οἱ ἰητῆρες&#13;
ἐκ ποδὸς αἷμ᾽ ἀφέλοντο, θέσαν δ᾽ ἐφύπερθε μοτάων&#13;
εἴρἰ ἄδην δεύσαντες ἀλείφασιν: ἀμφὶ δὲ μίτρην&#13;
δήσαντ᾽ ἐνδυκέως: ὀλοὰς δ᾽ ἐκέδασσαν ἀνίας.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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          <name>Edition used</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="585">
              <text>Arthur S. Way (ed.), Quintus Smyrnaeus, The Fall of Troy (= Loeb Classical Library; 19), London/New York 1913. </text>
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                <text>Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 4.180-214: in a race organized by Thetis, Teucer and Ajax wear loin-cloths so as not to appear naked before the sea-goddesses</text>
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                <text>3rd/4th century CE</text>
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                <text>Quintus Smyrnaeus</text>
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        <name>contest</name>
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        <name>race</name>
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          <name>Translation</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="837">
              <text>[Comrades of the goddess Artemis :] Yea and Kyrene (Cyrene) thou madest thy comrade . . . And [Prokris] the fair-haired wife of Kephalos (Cephalus) . . . and fair Antikleia (Anticlea) . . . These were the first who wore the gallant bow and arrow-holding quivers on their shoulders; their right shoulders bore the quiver strap, and always the right breast showed bare. Further thou didst greatly commend swift-footed Atalanta, the slayer of boars, daughter of Arkadian Iasios (Iasius), and taught her hunting with dogs and good archery. They that were called to hunt the boar of Kalydon (Calydon) find no fault with her; for the tokens of victory came into Arkadia (Arcadia) which still holds the tusks of the beast. Nor do I deem that Hylaios (Hylaeus) and foolish Rhoikos (Rhoecus), for all their hate, in Haides slight her archery. For the loins, with whose blood the height of Mainalos (Maenalus) flowed, will not abet the falsehood.</text>
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        <element elementId="192">
          <name>Translation used</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="838">
              <text>Mair, Alexander W., Callimachus. Works, London/New York 1921.</text>
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              <text>καὶ μὴν Κυρήνην ἑταρίσσαο, τῇ ποτ᾽ ἔδωκας&#13;
αὐτὴ θηρητῆρε δύω κύνε, τοῖς ἔνι κούρη&#13;
Ὑψηὶς παρὰ τύμβον Ἰώλκιον ἔμμορ᾽ ἀέθλου.&#13;
καὶ Κεφάλου ξανθὴν ἄλοχον Δηιονίδαο,&#13;
0πότνια, σὴν ὁμόθηρον ἐθήκαο: καὶ δὲ σὲ φασὶ&#13;
καλὴν Ἀντίκλειαν ἴσον φαέεσσι φιλῆσαι&#13;
αἳ πρῶται θοὰ τόξα καὶ ἀμφ᾽ ὤμοισι φαρέτρας&#13;
ἰοδόκους ἐφόρησαν: ἀσίλλωτοι δέ φιν ὦμοι&#13;
δεξιτεροὶ καὶ γυμνὸς ἀεὶ παρεφαίνετο μαζός.&#13;
ᾔνησας δ᾽ ἔτι πάγχυ ποδορρώρην Ἀταλάντην,&#13;
κούρην Ἰασίοιο συοκτόνον Ἀρκασίδαο,&#13;
καί ἑ κυνηλασίην τε καὶ εὐστοχίην ἐδίδαξας.&#13;
οὔ μιν ἐπίκλητοι Καλυδωνίου ἀγρευτῆρες&#13;
μέμφονται κάπροιο: τὰ γὰρ σημήια νίκης&#13;
Ἀρκαδίην εἰσῆλθεν, ἔχει δ᾽ ἔτι θηρὸς ὀδόντας:&#13;
οὐδὲ μὲν Ὑλαῖόν τε καὶ ἄφρονα Ῥοῖκον ἔολπα&#13;
οὐδέ περ ἐχθαίροντας ἐν Ἄιδι μωμήσασθαι&#13;
τοξότιν: οὐ γάρ σφιν λαγόνες συνεπιψεύσονται,&#13;
τάων Μαιναλίη νᾶεν φόνῳ ἀκρώρεια. </text>
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              <text>Mair, Alexander W., Callimachus. Works, London/New York 1921.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Callimachus, Hymns 3. 206-224: female hunters in Greek myth</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="834">
                <text>Callimachus</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text> ca. 305-240 BCE</text>
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        <name>Atalanta</name>
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          <name>Translation</name>
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              <text>or all men who have loved hunting have been good: and not men only, but those women also to whom the goddess has given this blessing, Atalanta and Procris and others like them.</text>
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          <name>Translation used</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="843">
              <text>Edgar C. Marchant, Xenophon in Seven Volumes, vol. 7, Scripta Minora: Hiero, Agesilaus, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, Ways and Means, Cavalry Commander, Art of Horsemanship, On Hunting, Constitution of the Athenians (= Loeb Classical Library; 183), Cambridge, MA/London 1925.</text>
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              <text>οὐ μόνον δὲ ὅσοι ἄνδρες κυνηγεσίων ἠράσθησαν ἐγένοντο ἀγαθοί, ἀλλὰ καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αἷς ἔδωκεν ἡ θεὸς ταῦτα Ἄρτεμις, Ἀταλάντη καὶ Πρόκρις καὶ ἥτις ἄλλη.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="849">
              <text>Edgar C. Marchant (ed.), Xenophontis opera omnia, vol. 5., Oxford 1920 (repr. 1969).</text>
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                <text>Xenophon, Cynegeticus 13. 18: women in myth who love hunting</text>
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                <text>ca. 428–354 BCE </text>
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