1 10 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Uncertain cases Description An account of the resource Some well-known sources in which it is unclear whether they concern sports and/or women. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Commentary Athenaeus is citing Clearchus of Soloi (FGH2.314). Scanlon (2002, 21) argues that this passage refers to a beauty contest for maidens because of the attribute χρυσοφόρος ("wearing gold") with which the maiden is described in verse 2. This term appears in another Athenaeus passage (Deipnosophistae 13.609e–610a) as the epithet granted to the victress in a beauty contest for women in Arcadia. In the present context, however, it might just have a more general meaning and express the particular appeal of the maiden. The boy and the woman likewise have such general attributes in the Clearchus poem (respectively masculinity, missing in Yonge’s translation, and an ample robe), and the context in Athenaeus concerns the role of physical attraction in love, so there is no reason to think of a contest here. Translation No boy, no maid with golden ornaments, No woman with a deep and ample robe, Is so much beautiful as modest; for 'Tis modesty that gives the bloom to beauty. Translation used Charles D. Yonge, The Deipnosophists, or, Banquet of the learned of Athenaeus, London 1854. Text Any textual data included in the document οὔτε παιδὸς ἄρρενος οὔτε παρθένων τῶν χρυσοφόρων οὐδὲ γυναικῶν βαθυκόλπων καλὸν τὸ πρόσωπον, ἂν μὴ κόσμιον πεφύκῃ ἡ γὰρ αἰδὼς ἄνθος ἐπισπείρει. Edition used Charles Burton Gulick (ed.), Athenaeus, The Deipnosophists, vol. 6 ( = Loeb Classical Library; 327), London 1937. Bibliography T.E. Scanlon (2002), Eros and Greek Athletics, Oxford. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Athenaeus of Naucratis, Deipnosophistae 13.564b: beauty contest (?) Type The nature or genre of the resource Anecdote collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 4th/3rd century BCE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Athenaeus of Naucratis modesty Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Uncertain cases Description An account of the resource Some well-known sources in which it is unclear whether they concern sports and/or women. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Translation 6.4.10: I have spoken at greater length on this matter in my account of Sparta. Euanthes of Cyzicus won prizes for boxing, one among the men at Olympia, and also among the boys at the Nemean and at the Isthmian games. By the side of Euanthes is the statue of a horse-breeder and his chariot; mounted on the chariot is a young maid. The man's name is Lampus, and his native city was the last to be founded in Macedonia, named after its founder Philip, son of Amyntas. 6.12.6: Timon, an Elean, the son of Aesypus, entered a four-horse chariot for the Olympic races ... this is of bronze, and on it is mounted a maiden, who, in my opinion, is Victory. Translation used William H. S. Jones, Pausanias, Description of Greece, vol. 3, Books 6-8.21 (= Loeb Classical Library; 272), London 1933. Text Any textual data included in the document 6.4.10: ταῦτα μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐν τοῖς Σπαρτιατικοῖς λόγοις ἐς πλέον ἡμῖν δεδήλωται: Εὐάνθει δὲ Κυζικηνῷ γεγόνασι πυγμῆς νῖκαι, μία μὲν ἐν ἀνδράσιν Ὀλυμπική, Νεμείων δὲ ἐν παισὶ καὶ Ἰσθμίων. πεποίηται δὲ παρὰ τὸν Εὐάνθην ἀνήρ τε ἱπποτρόφος καὶ τὸ ἅρμα, ἀναβεβηκυῖα δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ ἅρμα παῖς παρθένος: ὄνομα μὲν Λάμπος τῷ ἀνδρί, πατρὶς δὲ ἦν αὐτῷ νεωτάτη τῶν ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ πόλεων, καλουμένη δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκιστοῦ Φιλίππου τοῦ Ἀμύντου. 6.12.6: Τίμωνι δὲ τῷ Αἰσύπου καθέντι ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἵππους ἀνδρὶ Ἠλείῳ ἐστι τοῦτο χαλκοῦν, ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν ἀναβέβηκε παρθένος, ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν Νίκη. Edition used Frederick Spiro (ed.), Pausaniae Graeciae Descriptio, vol. 2, Leipzig 1903. Commentary The presence of the maidens has sometimes been taken as evidence of female charioteers, but perhaps they are depictions of the goddess Nike, as Pausanias himself suggests in the second instance. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 6.4.10 and 6.12.6: female victory statues of charioteers Type The nature or genre of the resource travel writing Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource mid 2nd century CE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pausanias contest horse race Isthmian games Olympia Olympic games Pythic games Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Uncertain cases Description An account of the resource Some well-known sources in which it is unclear whether they concern sports and/or women. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Source Type Physical type of source Literary source Commentary Although in the present translation there is no mention of women, some scholars have suggested that the clause here translated as "inasmuch as the comrades of the contestants were looking on" should actually be read as "inasmuch as the hetairai of the contestants were looking on": see e.g. Emily Baragwanath, 'Heroes and Homemakers in Xenophon', in Thomas Blum & Jessica Biggs (eds.), The Epic Journey in Greek and Roman Literature (Yale Classical Studies 39), Cambridge 2019, 108-129. Translation After this they made ready the sacrifice which they had vowed; and a sufficient number of oxen had come to them so that they could pay their thank-offerings to Zeus for deliverance, to Heracles for guidance, and to the other gods according as they had vowed. They instituted also athletic games on the mountain side, just where they were encamped; and they chose Dracontius, a Spartan, who had been exiled from home as a boy because he had accidentally killed another boy with the stroke of a dagger, to look out for a race-course and to act as manager of the games. When, accordingly, the sacrifice had been completed, they turned over the hides to Dracontius and bade him lead the way to the place he had fixed upon for his race-course. He pointed out the precise spot where they chanced to be standing, and said, “This hill is superb for running, wherever you please.” “How, then,” they said, “can men wrestle on ground so hard and overgrown as this is?” And he replied, “The one that is thrown will get hurt a bit more.” The events were, a stadium race for boys, most of them belonging to the captives, a long race, in which more than sixty Cretans took part, wrestling, boxing, and the pancratium; and it made a fine spectacle; for there were a great many entries and, inasmuch as the comrades of the contestants were looking on, there was a great deal of rivalry. There were horseraces also, and the riders had to drive their horses down the steep slope, turn them around on the shore, and bring them back again to the altar. And on the way down most of the horses rolled over and over, while on the way up, against the exceedingly steep incline, they found it hard to keep on at a walk; so there was much shouting and laughter and cheering. Translation used Carleton L. Brownson, Xenophon in Seven Volumes, vol. 3, Anabasis (= Loeb Classical Library 90), Cambridge, MA/London 1922. Text Any textual data included in the document μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο τὴν θυσίαν ἣν ηὔξαντο παρεσκευάζοντο: ἦλθον δ᾽ αὐτοῖς ἱκανοὶ βόες ἀποθῦσαι τῷ Διὶ τῷ σωτῆρι καὶ τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ ἡγεμόσυνα καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις θεοῖς ἃ ηὔξαντο. ἐποίησαν δὲ καὶ ἀγῶνα γυμνικὸν ἐν τῷ ὄρει ἔνθαπερ ἐσκήνουν. εἵλοντο δὲ Δρακόντιον Σπαρτιάτην, ὃς ἔφυγε παῖς ὢν οἴκοθεν, παῖδα ἄκων κατακανὼν ξυήλῃ πατάξας, δρόμου τ᾽ ἐπιμεληθῆναι καὶ τοῦ ἀγῶνος προστατῆσαι. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἡ θυσία ἐγένετο, τὰ δέρματα παρέδοσαν τῷ Δρακοντίῳ, καὶ ἡγεῖσθαι ἐκέλευον ὅπου τὸν δρόμον πεποιηκὼς εἴη. ὁ δὲ δείξας οὗπερ ἑστηκότες ἐτύγχανον οὗτος ὁ λόφος, ἔφη, κάλλιστος τρέχειν ὅπου ἄν τις βούληται. πῶς οὖν, ἔφασαν, δυνήσονται παλαίειν ἐν σκληρῷ καὶ δασεῖ οὕτως; ὁ δ᾽ εἶπε: μᾶλλόν τι ἀνιάσεται ὁ καταπεσών. ἠγωνίζοντο δὲ παῖδες μὲν στάδιον τῶν αἰχμαλώτων οἱ πλεῖστοι, δόλιχον δὲ Κρῆτες πλείους ἢ ἑξήκοντα ἔθεον, πάλην δὲ καὶ πυγμὴν καὶ παγκράτιον ἕτεροι, καὶ καλὴ θέα ἐγένετο: πολλοὶ γὰρ κατέβησαν καὶ ἅτε θεωμένων τῶν ἑταίρων πολλὴ φιλονικία ἐγίγνετο. ἔθεον δὲ καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἔδει αὐτοὺς κατὰ τοῦ πρανοῦς ἐλάσαντας ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ ἀποστρέψαντας πάλιν πρὸς τὸν βωμὸν ἄγειν. καὶ κάτω μὲν οἱ πολλοὶ ἐκαλινδοῦντο: ἄνω δὲ πρὸς τὸ ἰσχυρῶς ὄρθιον μόλις βάδην ἐπορεύοντο οἱ ἵπποι: ἔνθα πολλὴ κραυγὴ καὶ γέλως καὶ παρακέλευσις ἐγίγνετο. Edition used Edgar C. Marchant (ed.), Xenophontis opera omnia, vol. 3 (= Oxford Classical Texts), Oxford 1904. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Xenophon, Anabasis 4.8.25-28: female spectators at a contest during a military campaign (?) Type The nature or genre of the resource Historiography Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 428–354 BCE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Xenophon contest horse race race